Original Article Summary

View CSAF 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v4 8.4 ATTENTION: Low attack complexity Vendor: Ashlar-Vellum Equipment: Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, Cobalt Share Vulnerabilities: Out-of-Bounds Write, Heap-based Buffer Overflow 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following Ashlar-Vellum products are affected: Cobalt: Versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior Xenon: Versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior Argon: Versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior Lithium: Versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior Cobalt Share: Versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior 3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1 OUT-OF-BOUNDS WRITE CWE-787 An Out-of-Bounds Write vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code. CVE-2025-65084 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-65084. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.2.2 HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122 A Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code. CVE-2025-65085 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-65085. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 3.4 RESEARCHER Michael Heinzl reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. 4. MITIGATIONS Ashlar-Vellum recommends users update to the following versions: Cobalt: Versions 12.6.1204.208 or higher Xenon: Versions 12.6.1204.208 or higher Argon: Versions 12.6.1204.208 or higher Lithium: Versions 12.6.1204.208 or higher Cobalt Share: Versions 12.6.1204.208 or higher CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely. 5. UPDATE HISTORY November 25, 2025: Initial Publication